Quantum Black Holes: dissolving confusions and resolving paradoxes

Abstract

Hawking has discovered more than 40 years ago that black holes (BH’s) evaporate.  Ever since, ideas about how they evaporate have been a source of constant interest and controversy. In Hawking’s model, the process of BH evaporation respects the Einstein equivalence principle but it is not unitary. Page has proposed a model of unitary evaporation, but the model was recently found to be incompatible with the equivalence principle.  After reviewing this state of affairs, I will argue that the origin for many of the difficulties is that BH’s are treated as geometric, infinite mass objects and thus their quantum fluctuations are completely ignored.   I will present a model of how finite mass BH’s evaporate and outline how both unitarity and the equivalence principle can be respected. The model suggest that the interior of the BH is a highly quantum gravitationally bound state.