Three faces of condensation

At the mentioning of the word condensation, we usually think about liquid-gas transition or Bose-Einstein condensation. Here, I will discuss a condensation transition that appears in three seemingly unrelated phenomena: coalescence in compartmentalized shaken granular gases, bankruptcy of a non-life insurance company and localization (or self-focusing) in some non-integrable Hamiltonian systems with two conservation laws. In the first part, I will review a link between the first two examples using a simplified interacting particle system called zero-range process and a mathematical theory of large deviations, which describes the probability of rare events. In the second part, I will present our recent results on condensation induced by imposing more than one conservation law, and thus establish a connection with the third example.